Judaism. These words are “Judaism’s highly charged assertion of God’s oneness, of God’s covenant faithfulness to Israel, his people, and their commitment to him alone, followed by the recognition that he is also the One God of all creation” (Nanos, 180–81). Declaration of the first line of the Sh’ma is also an act of testimony. It is usual to enlarge the first and last letters (‘ayin and dalet), which together form the word ‘ed. That is the Hebrew word for “witness.” As we say the familiar words
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